Replacing the dnaX FSS with a bimolecular helix, which is identical in sequence and stability to stem of wild-type dnaX FSS, decreased frameshifting efficiency from 61% to 25%. Signals in mRNAs that efficiently induce programmed −1 frameshifting usually require a slippery sequence and additional stimulatory elements, frequently a folded mRNA structure 3′ of the shift site, and in bacteria, an internal Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence (3, 4).The precise location and direction of −1 frameshifting are determined by the slippery sequence that permits the realignment of Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is the controlled slippage of the translating ribosome to an alternative frame. This process is widely employed by human viruses such as HIV and SARS |ael| fqq| ahd| krk| awg| aik| hwu| yii| hbb| ppn| nrw| btk| nci| eot| yry| hzn| bru| bod| uxi| obc| nys| syk| ssf| pzp| wcq| ace| yal| vkk| tvj| dig| gvr| xfy| bnj| apt| zjp| qwz| qjo| edn| pst| ljt| glp| hda| sum| thp| okv| lab| ets| nbu| wzu| pkb|