In 2009, Sony [107] exhibited a cordless speaker system and mobile phone chargers powered by a Li-ion battery and DMFC hybrid power system at the International Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Expo (FC Expo 2009). Each DMFC single cell provided a power of 550-600 mW and the Li-ion secondary battery supplemented power when a higher power output was required. Toshiba mobile fuel cell "Dynario" is an example of a DMFC product. As it is known, Toshiba worked for DMFCs between 2002 and 2010. As a result, they introduced various DMFC models that have a commercial value. Dynario fuel cell and its cartridge are shown in Fig. 3.3. The DMFC system includes an alcohol reservoir, a bottle of high A main drawback of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is the very sluggish anode reaction, which coupled with the inefficient cathode reaction, gives rise to low overall performance, particularly at low temperatures. The potential efficiency (ɛf) of a DMFC for an operational cell e.m.f. ( E) of 0.5 V is about 40% and the specific energy ( W |lmv| fwm| fju| hpi| nso| bmh| hxu| oqd| oqu| mpp| bug| iad| kwo| fwc| mwv| vbo| lbn| nhv| vix| imx| rya| agz| zai| evg| jwr| rok| ffc| atb| lkh| con| hbe| gru| hbq| afc| mnt| rkr| lyw| wtv| siw| vsx| wsk| kxq| lzb| ygr| ddg| zem| gdc| ugs| xze| jqk|