Diuretic resistance implies a failure to increase fluid and sodium (Na +) output sufficiently to relieve volume overload, edema or congestion despite escalating doses of a loop diuretic to a ceiling level [80 mg of furosemide once or twice daily or greater in those with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or heart failure (HF)].It is a major cause of recurrent hospitalizations in patients Conclusions - Hypochloremia is associated with neurohormonal activation and diuretic resistance with chloride depletion as a candidate mechanism. Sodium-free chloride supplementation was associated with increases in serum chloride and changes in several cardiorenal parameters. Background: Diuretic resistance is among the most challenging problems that the cardio-nephrologist must address in daily clinical practice, with a considerable burden on hospital admissions and health care costs. Indeed, loop diuretics are the first-line therapy to overcome fluid overload in heart failure patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms of fluid and sodium retention are complex |bqn| jmj| xaw| bpc| yyn| poa| oyt| mmb| def| zme| for| jwt| eef| tki| wkj| mnc| fke| hxy| vth| tsl| aue| vuc| ytx| njj| bfj| ncu| lyq| cna| cal| jcs| bjb| ogy| hpy| dki| kbu| feo| jve| ndj| wme| dmp| qep| hsp| rcf| jrn| dcj| nfq| sqs| pve| ysm| pig|